Many people consider testosterone a “male” sex hormone, but females produce small amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands. Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of acne, body hair, and other features. They may indicate an underlying health condition.
Together with the female sex hormone estrogen, testosterone plays a role in the growth and maintenance of female reproductive tissue and bone mass. These hormones also influence behavior.
In this article, learn about conditions that cause high testosterone in females and about symptoms and treatment.
A note about sex and gender
Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.
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According to the American Urology Association, typical blood levels of testosterone in males are at least 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL).
Females secrete much lower levels — about one-tenth of those in males.
The level of hormones the body produces varies daily and throughout the day. However, testosterone levels are generally highest in the morning.
Testosterone imbalances in females can affect their physical appearance and overall health.
Symptoms of high testosterone in females
- acne
- deep voice
- excess hair on the face and body
- irregular periods
- larger than average clitoris
- reduction in breast size
- thinning hair
- deep voice
- increased muscle mass
Severely high levels of testosterone in females can cause infertility.
High testosterone in females is usually due to an underlying medical condition, such as:
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
CAH is the term that refers to a group of inherited disorders that affect the adrenal glands. These glands
The adrenal glands also produce the male sex hormones dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone.
People with CAH lack one of the enzymes necessary to regulate the production of these hormones, so they secrete too little cortisol and too much testosterone.
CAH may be mild, which is nonclassic CAH, or severe, which is classic CAH.
Symptoms in females
- deep voice
- early appearance of pubic hair
- enlarged clitoris
- excess body hair
- facial hair
- irregular or absent menstrual periods
- severe acne
- shorter height as an adult after rapid childhood growth
While there is no cure for CAH, most people with the condition can receive treatment that will reduce symptoms and improve their quality of life.
Hirsutism
Hirsutism involves unwanted hair growth in females. It is a hormonal condition that healthcare professionals believe has links to genetics.
Symptoms include male-pattern hair growth that is dark and coarse. It typically affects the:
- lower back
- chest
- face
In cases of excessively high testosterone, other symptoms will also be present, including:
- acne
- balding
- deepening voice
- enlarged clitoris
- increased muscle mass
- reduced breast size
Home remedies and medical treatments help many people control the symptoms of hirsutism.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that affects females of reproductive age. Health experts estimate that PCOS affects
People do not usually receive a diagnosis until they are in their 20s and 30s. However, the condition can affect children as young as 11 years old.
Symptoms of PCOS include:
- weight gain
- difficulty getting pregnant
- acne or oily skin
PCOS
Doctors do not know what causes PCOS, although excess insulin and genetics
A doctor can diagnose high testosterone in females according to the following.
Physical examination
During a physical examination, the doctor will look for symptoms such as:
- acne
- excess body hair
- facial hair growth
They will also inquire about menstrual cycle abnormalities and attempts at pregnancy.
If doctors suspect PCOS,
Blood test
If symptoms suggest high testosterone levels, the doctor will take a blood sample and test hormone levels. They may also check glucose and cholesterol levels.
Usually, a healthcare professional will take a person’s blood sample in the morning when testosterone levels are highest.
Ultrasound
To check for PCOS, the doctor
The recommended treatment for high testosterone will depend on its underlying cause.
Typically, a doctor will recommend both lifestyle changes and medication. Doctors may also use some treatments to control unwanted hair.
Medication
High testosterone and associated conditions are treatable with the following medications:
- Eflornithine: This is a cream that a person applies directly to the skin that slows the growth of new facial hair.
- Glucocorticosteroids: This is a type of steroid hormone that doctors recommend if there is evidence of inadequate steroid production by the adrenal glands. It
regulates metabolism and immune response. - Metformin: This is a treatment for type 2 diabetes, which doctors sometimes use to decrease insulin resistance and address metabolic abnormalities in people with PCOS.
- Progestin: This is a hormone that
may regulate periods and improve fertility. - Spironolactone: This is a diuretic that helps balance water and salt levels and reduces excessive female hair growth.
Doctors may also prescribe oral contraceptives, as this treatment helps block excess testosterone.
According to a 2019 review, pairing oral contraceptives that contain estrogen and progestin with antiandrogens and metformin may be most effective for the treatment of hirsutism.
However, oral contraceptives may be unsuitable for people trying to get pregnant. They can also cause adverse side effects.
Hair removal treatments
Both electrolysis and laser therapy may help control unwanted hair. However, these treatments will not resolve an underlying hormonal imbalance.
- Electrolysis: This involves inserting a tiny needle into each hair follicle. A pulse of electric current travels through the needle and damages the follicle so that it cannot grow new hair. Multiple treatments may be necessary.
- Laser therapy: During this treatment, a healthcare professional applies a laser to the hair follicles to damage them. Multiple treatments may be necessary.
These hair removal treatments can cause adverse reactions and may have other associated risks.
Anyone with a hormonal imbalance needs to speak with a doctor before trying medical treatments for excess hair growth.
Lifestyle changes
Some lifestyle changes can reduce high testosterone in females, while others simply manage symptoms.
Here are a few lifestyle changes that may be beneficial:
- Reach and maintain a moderate weight: Some research shows that losing even
5–10% of body weight can improve fertility, help balance menstrual cycles, and reduce symptoms in people with PCOS. - Follow a balanced diet: A person
can improve symptoms of PCOS by following a nutritious, well-rounded diet and limiting their intake of foods high in sugar, refined carbs, saturated fat, and trans fat. - Manage unwanted hair growth: A person can choose to treat their facial and body hair growth by plucking, shaving, waxing, or using chemical depilatories. Others bleach their hair to make it less visible.
Below are answers to common questions about high testosterone in females.
What happens if testosterone is high in females?
Some symptoms of high testosterone in females
- acne
- deep voice
- excess hair on the face and body
- increased muscle mass
- irregular periods
- a larger than average clitoris
Why would a woman’s testosterone be high?
A woman’s testosterone levels may be high due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
High testosterone in females can cause a range of symptoms, from excess facial hair to infertility. It is usually due to an underlying medical condition.
Treating the underlying disorder will often reduce symptoms and improve a person’s quality of life.
People who are or think they may be experiencing high testosterone symptoms should consult a doctor to determine the cause and determine the best course of treatment.